Public Health: The top-down approach in public health deals with programs that are run by whole governments of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that aid in combating worldwide health-related problems. HIV control and smallpox eradication are two examples of top-down policies in the public health sphere.
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What is meant by top-down approach?
A “top-down” approach is where an executive decision maker or other top person makes the decisions of how something should be done. This approach is disseminated under their authority to lower levels in the hierarchy, who are, to a greater or lesser extent, bound by them.
What is an example of a top-down project?
Another example of top-down approaches included large-scale investment projects. For example, the Akosombo dam in Ghana built in the 1960s received investment from the World Bank and aid from the UK and USA. The dam provided electricity through a HEP plant for smelting bauxite into aluminium.
What is top down design in C with example?
C programming uses top down approach to solve a problem. Top down approach starts with high-level design and ends with the low-level implementation. In top down approach, we use following approach to solve any problem. 1. First we will make a high level design of a problem statement.
What do you mean by top-down and bottom-up approach explain with suitable example?
In Top-down Model, the focus is on breaking the bigger problem into smaller one and then repeat the process with each problem. 2. Language. Bottom-Up Model is mainly used by object oriented programming languages like Java, C++ etc. Top-Down Model is followed by structural programming languages like C, Fortran etc.
Which of the following method is an example of top-down approach?
1. Which of the following is an example of top-down approach for the preparation of nanomaterials? Explanation: Mechanical grinding is an example of top-down approach for the preparation of nanomaterials. All the other options are the example of bottom-up approach.
How do you use top-down approach?
The top-down approach to project management means that you start with the final deliverable (project goal) and break it down into smaller, more manageable tasks. These tasks can be further broken down into subtasks — great details — and then assigned to individual teams and/or team members within that team.
What is the top-down and bottom-up approach?
Each approach can be quite simple—the top-down approach goes from the general to the specific, and the bottom-up approach begins at the specific and moves to the general. These methods are possible approaches for a wide range of endeavors, such as goal setting, budgeting, and forecasting.
What is an example of bottom-up development?
Micro hydro projects are an example of a bottom-up development scheme because instead of using expensive technology which will require large loans from other countries or TNCs, they use appropriate, affordable technology and involve local people in the whole process.
What is top-down approach to system planning?
Top-down planning traditionally involves the definition of corporate goals and their subdivision into specific goals, which are then dealt with in phases. Top-down planning or retrograde planning is an approach that aims to gradually move from the top to the bottom level of a particular hierarchy.
Which of the following is an example of bottom-up approach?
Which of the following is an example of Bottom Up approach? Explanation: Colloidal dispersion is an example of bottom up approach in the synthesis of Nano particles. Attrition, milling and etching are typical top down methods.
What is top-down approach Class 11?
It is based on a concept called divide and conquer. A given problem is solved by breaking it down into smaller manageable parts called modules. Hence it is also called as step wise refinement. The subprograms are further divided into still smaller sub problems.
What is top-down approach in oops?
The “top down” approach takes a high level definition of the problem and subdivides it into subproblems, which you then do recursively until you’re down to pieces that are obvious and easy to code. This is often associated with the “functional decomposition” style of programming, but needn’t be.
What is the advantage of top-down approach?
One of the most important advantages of top-down planning is that targets can be set quickly for the whole business. There is no time wasted in analyzing each department’s performance, and management can rapidly implement the company’s goals.
What is top-down decision-making?
The top-down approach to management is one such strategy, in which the decision-making process occurs at the highest level and is then communicated to the rest of the team. This style can be applied at the project, team, or even the company level, and can be adjusted according to the particular group’s needs.
What is a bottom-up approach in development?
bottom-up development An approach to program development in which progress is made by composition of available elements, beginning with the primitive elements provided by the implementation language and ending when the desired program is reached.
What are top-down development projects?
Top down development is where decisions about development are made by Governments or private companies. These tend to be big schemes and decisions are made by the national government. Local people who often live near the scheme do not get involved in the process.