relating to, originating with, or directed by those of highest rank: a centralized, top-down organization with a chain of command reporting up from every corner of the earth.
In this post
Should top down be hyphenated?
“A top-down approach” would require a hyphen, but this phrasing doesn’t. The most widely-cited figure, 700,000, comes from a 2011 study by the Williams Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles. A hyphen is never necessary in compound modifiers with an adverb ending in -ly.
How do you use top down in a sentence?
Top-down sentence example
- This top-down way of helping families is certainly well-intentioned.
- We figured out a way to keep them out of the way, but we have blinds that lower from the top and he chews those when the blinds have been lowered top down.
What is a top down in English?
Definition of top-down
1 : controlled, directed, or instituted from the top level a top-down corporate structure. 2 : proceeding by breaking large general aspects (as of a problem) into smaller more detailed constituents : working from the general to the specific top-down programming top-down design.
When should you hyphenate words?
Generally, you need the hyphen only if the two or more words are functioning together as an adjective before the noun they’re describing. If the noun comes first, leave the hyphen out. This wall is load bearing. It’s impossible to eat this cake because it is rock hard.
What words are hyphenated?
Here are a few common compound words that are usually written with a hyphen:
- truck-driver.
- ice-cream.
- year-end.
- sign-in.
- warm-up.
- mother-in-law.
- free-for-all.
- follow-up.
What is another word for top-down approach?
In this page you can discover 10 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for top-down, like: hierarchical, carrot-and-stick, bottom-up, extrapolative, third-person, click-to-type, technocratic, decentralise, pragmatic and one-size-fits-all.
What is meant by top-down approach explain with an example?
Public Health: The top-down approach in public health deals with programs that are run by whole governments of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that aid in combating worldwide health-related problems. HIV control and smallpox eradication are two examples of top-down policies in the public health sphere.
What is a top-down activity?
One way you might do this is to focus on top down listening. Top down listening involves activating prior knowledge about a particular topic or theme, and using this prior knowledge to help us make sense of the new story or information we are hearing.
What is top-down learning?
Top-down learning refers to learning explicit knowledge first and then learning implicit knowledge on that basis (i.e., assimilating explicit knowledge into an implicit form).
What is the top-down reading?
A top-down reading model is a reading approach that emphasizes what the reader brings to the text, it contends that reading is driven by meaning and proceeds from whole to part. It is also known as concept-driven model.
What is top-down management?
Often referred to as command-and-control, top-down management is often the default. In this hierarchical style of management, the power and decision-making generally remain with those at the top (though there might be some input from middle management). Information tends to flow slowly and only in one direction.
What is the opposite of top-down?
The bottom up approach is essentially the opposite of top down. With bottom up planning, specific goals are set by the lower levels of workers in the company and eventually work their way up to become part of the larger company’s goals.
What does top-down mean in gaming?
Top-down perspective video games are video games where the perspective the player sees is from above, looking down, also referred to as birds-eye view or helicopter view.
Is Top 5 hyphenated?
Hyphenate when top five is used as a compound modifier. Otherwise, no hyphen. Example; The University of Florida is a top-five public university.
Is ice cream a hyphenated word?
Usually in referring to the dessert itself one would use “ice cream.” However, if you are using it as an adjective it would include a hyphen as in “ice-cream chair” or “ice-cream cone.” However, hyphens are going out of style so you’ll probably see those phrases without hyphens as well.
How do you hyphenate three words?
Trigrams are sets of three words that are hyphenated. When you use three words together as a single thought describing or modifying a noun and you put them before the noun, you should hyphenate them: It was a matter-of-fact decision.
Is a hyphenated word a single word?
So, once compound words are closed or hyphenated, they are counted as one word. If the compound word is open, e.g., “post office,” it is counted as two words.
Where do you put a hyphen?
Hyphen Use
- Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun:
- Use a hyphen with compound numbers:
- Use a hyphen to avoid confusion or an awkward combination of letters:
Is funny looking hyphenated?
Hyphens also work well with compound adjectives that end in a participle: a funny-looking badger, a sun-bleached roof, fire-roasted tomatoes, a money-grubbing thief.
What is another word for a top-down organizational structure?
Also called autocratic leadership, top-down management is the most common form of management. It is hierarchical, with a chief executive office (CEO) who sets the course for the entire company.